Biochar is produced through a process called pyrolysis, which involves heating organic materials—such as hemp, wood, or crop residues—in a low-oxygen environment. This absence of oxygen prevents combustion and instead results in the thermal decomposition of the material, converting it into biochar, syngas, and bio-oil. During pyrolysis, the volatile compounds are driven out, leaving behind a stable, carbon-rich solid known as biochar.

The pyrolysis process typically occurs at high temperatures, usually between 400°C and 800°C. The specific temperature and conditions determine the biochar's properties, such as porosity and surface area, which directly affect its ability to adsorb (trap) contaminants, and store carbon.

Pyrolysis not only produces biochar but also generates useful by-products like syngas and bio-oil. These can be captured and used to generate renewable energy, making the process highly efficient and eco-friendly. This energy can be utilized to power the pyrolysis system itself or other applications, minimizing the overall environmental impact.

Biochar production is considered carbon-negative because it sequesters carbon that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere through natural decomposition or combustion. The carbon captured in biochar remains locked away in the soil for hundreds or even thousands of years, helping to combat climate change by reducing atmospheric CO2 levels.